CS64 Energy Code Feasibility Study in Revere, Massachusetts
Energy code feasibility study for a 21-unit Multifamily in Massachusetts. Compares multiple design paths. Recommended: HPWH (All-Electric). View full study.
- Study Type
- Energy Code Feasibility Study
- State
- Massachusetts
- Units
- 21
- Building Type
- Multifamily
- Fuel Type
- All-Electric
- Recommended Path
- HPWH (All-Electric)
Goal
To find the most cost-effective compliance path, this report isolates energy code related costs from total construction. We use real bid data from vendors & clients to create a reliable framework for aligning incentives and design, with all recommendations confirmed by detailed energy modeling.
Project
- Revere, MA
- 1 Building | 21 Units | 30,626 SF Conditioned
- New Construction | Multifamily High-Rise | 8 stories over podium, 21 residential units
- All-Electric | Stretch Code | HERS ≤ 45 | ESTAR MFNC v1.2
Overview
Read This: This report compares different ways you can build the project and meet energy code, looking at both cost and incentives, with the ultimate goal as finding the most affordable path.
- The overview outlines the key differences between each of the paths we show in this report and why we recommend the one we picked over the others.
- The recommended design section is where we share the requirements and incentives for the path we think is best based on affordability.
- The path comparison section shows the detailed requirements and incentives for each path we compared, basically showing our work if you want to dig in.
Path Summaries
All three paths meet Massachusetts energy code and are modeled to pass on a lean margin, so the choice between them is a matter of cost and constructability rather than compliance.
HPWH (All-Electric): Recommended
This is the least expensive path at approximately $42.71/sf net, and it keeps the project fully electric, which preserves eligibility for available incentives and aligns with where Massachusetts energy code is heading. It takes a little more coordination to build than the other two, but the lowest net cost makes it the right default for most projects.
NO HPWH (All-Electric): Alternative
At approximately $43.71/sf net, about $1/sf more than the recommended path, this option simplifies the mechanical side of the build while keeping the same all-electric advantages. The modest premium buys fewer moving parts to install and coordinate, so choose it when trimming mechanical complexity is worth a small step up in cost.
NO CI (All-Electric): Alternative (Builder-Friendly)
At approximately $45.54/sf net this carries the highest first cost, about $3/sf more than the recommended path, but it is by far the most builder-friendly and fastest path to construct. It drops the continuous exterior insulation, which is one of the more labor-intensive and schedule-sensitive parts of the envelope to detail, and keeps the rest of the build simple and quick. Choose this path when construction speed and a simpler build matter more than the lowest first cost.
Path Cost Comparison
Code Path
Permit / Certificate of Occupancy Requirements
High Rise Buildings
Recommended Design
This section outlines the design requirements, product recommendations, and incentives for the design that we believe will be the most affordable path to meeting energy code.
Recommended Design - Incentives
Incentives Available: $44,100 - $75,600
- MassSave Multifamily High Rise Program Energy Star Tier ($36,750) (Program Breakdown): You get this rebate for having your building(s) certified for the Energy Star MFNC v1.2 program. This requires pre-approval via an application to be submitted before construction starts. This rebate comes in the form of a check within 4 months of certification documentation being provided to MassSave, typically this is 4 months after construction is complete.
- Wi-Fi Connected Thermostat Adder ($2,100) : A MassSave market transformation adder of $100 per unit for installing a Wi-Fi connected thermostat in each dwelling unit. This rebate comes in the form of a check within 4 months of certification documentation being provided to MassSave, typically this is 4 months after construction is complete.
- In-Unit Heat Pump Water Heater Adder ($5,250) : A MassSave market transformation adder of $250 per unit for installing a heat-pump water heater in each dwelling unit. This rebate comes in the form of a check within 4 months of certification documentation being provided to MassSave, typically this is 4 months after construction is complete.
- DOER Alternative Energy Credits ($0 - $31,500) (Program Breakdown): This rebate is received for installing APS eligible air source heat pumps (click here for the list). There is an extensive process to get this incentive. It comes in the form of a check approximately 6-12 months after the heat pumps are installed and fully operational.
- IMPORTANT: Although an estimate is provided, this incentive can vary widely typically between $300-1,500 per heat pump. It's based on expected kWh usage of the system as well as the market value of the alternative energy credits when sold.
Recommended Design - Units
Item | Detailed Specifications |
|---|---|
Exterior Walls | R-19 cavity (rockwool batts, 2x6 @ 16" o.c.) with R-8.4 continuous exterior insulation. |
Below Grade Walls | N/A |
Corridor Walls | N/A |
Slab | N/A |
Floor Over Unconditioned Space | N/A |
Floor Over Garage | N/A |
Floor Over Podium | R-30 continuous insulation. |
Rim Joists | R-21 rim/band insulation at floor transitions. |
Roof | R-49 sealed attic: R-19 closed-cell spray foam + R-30 continuous XPS. |
Windows & Glass Doors | Double pane, U-0.30 / SHGC 0.30. |
Doors | Opaque: insulated steel, U-0.21 (R-4.75). |
Air Sealing | ≤0.3 CFM50 per sqft of enclosure (compartmentalization); tested. |
HVAC | Ducted mini-split cold-climate heat pump; SEER2 17; HSPF2 9; ENERGY STAR CCHP. |
Ductwork | Supply and return ductwork in conditioned space; R-6. |
Duct Sealing | ≤ greater of 8 CFM25/100 ft² CFA or 80 CFM25 total (duct sealing protocol). |
HVAC Grading | Fan Flow Test: N/A Watt Draw Test: N/A Refrigerant Charge: N/A |
Mechanical Ventilation | In-unit ERV; 65 CFM; ≥81% recovery efficiency (Panasonic Intelli-Balance 100). |
Local Mechanical Exhaust | Bathroom(s): ≥ 50 CFM intermittent & ≤ 3.0 sones OR ≥ 20 CFM continuous & ≤ 2.0 sones. Kitchen(s): ≥ 100 CFM intermittent & ≤ 3.0 sones OR continuous, ≥ 5 ACH. Both: Exhaust directly outdoors, ENERGY STAR certified. |
Thermostats | Wi-Fi connected programmable thermostat. |
DHW | In-unit integrated HPWH; UEF 3.50; 45 gal (2BR) / 36 gal (1BR); 240V; ENERGY STAR. |
DHW Piping | Supply piping insulated to R-3 minimum. |
Water Fixtures | WaterSense certified (Lavatory ≤1.2 GPM; Shower ≤2.0 GPM; Kitchen ≤2.2 GPM). |
Refrigerator | ≤ 700 kWh/yr; ENERGY STAR; electric. |
Dishwasher | ≤ 269 kWh/yr; ENERGY STAR; electric. |
Clothes Washer | IMEF 2.92; ENERGY STAR; electric. |
Clothes Dryer | Standard electric dryer; vented; ENERGY STAR. |
Stove / Oven | Electric induction cooktop; convection oven. |
Lighting | 100% high-efficacy (LED). |
Solar Ready | N/A |
EV Ready | At least 20% of parking spaces wired EV-ready (40-amp Level II; shared circuits with load management allowed). |
HPWH Ready | N/A |
Paperwork & Modeling | ENERGY STAR energy model to the target (per-unit HERS or whole-building ASHRAE path), the ENERGY STAR design-review checklist and multifamily workbook, and an HVAC design report. |
Testing & Verification | ENERGY STAR field verification: pre-drywall and final inspections, unit air-tightness (blower door), duct-leakage, ventilation and exhaust airflow, and HVAC functional testing. |
Recommended Design - Common Areas & Clubhouse
Item | Common Areas (Residential Bldgs) | Clubhouse |
|---|---|---|
Exterior Walls | Wood-frame: R-13 + R-7.5 CI or R-20 + R-3.8 CI or R-30. Steel-frame: R-13 + R-7.5 CI (CI mandatory). | Same |
Below Grade Walls | R-7.5 continuous insulation. | Same |
Corridor Walls | Common area wall insulation governs; refer to Exterior Walls. | Same as clubhouse wall insulation. |
Slab | R-10 edge, extending 4 feet or 24 inches below grade (whichever is greater). | Same |
Floor Over Unconditioned Space | R-13 cavity with R-17 CI, or R-30 cavity only, or R-19 cavity with R-5 CI. | U-factor ≤ 0.033 per commercial assembly (R-13/R-17 equivalent). |
Floor Over Garage | R-13 cavity with R-17 CI, or R-30 cavity only, or R-19 cavity with R-5 CI. | U-factor ≤ 0.033 per commercial assembly (R-13/R-17 equivalent). |
Floor Over Podium | R-30 continuous insulation. | Same |
Rim Joists | Insulation and air barrier continuous through rim joint; seal with caulk or foam; match wall R-value above and below grade. | Same, continuous with wall assembly. |
Roof | R-30 continuous insulation at deck; or R-49 in attic with air barrier and Grade I insulation installation. | Same |
Windows & Glass Doors | Fixed U ≤ 0.30; operable U ≤ 0.30; SHGC ≤ 0.40. | Fixed U ≤ 0.30; operable U ≤ 0.32; SHGC ≤ 0.40. |
Doors | Glazed entrance U ≤ 0.60; opaque U ≤ 0.37. | Glazed entrance U ≤ 0.77; opaque U ≤ 0.37. |
Air Sealing | Continuous air barrier per residential air-barrier table; Grade I insulation install; penetrations, rough openings, and electrical boxes sealed; unit-to-corridor doors gasketed. Enclosed common spaces ≤ 1,500 sqft verified by inspection. | Continuous air barrier; whole-building blower door ≤ 0.35 CFM/sqft at 75 Pa. |
HVAC | Ducted split HP: SEER2 15.2 / HSPF2 7.8. Ductless: 16 / 8.2. Packaged: 15.2 / 7.7. PTAC/PTHP/room AC certified to ENERGY STAR. Manual J/S sizing. | Same, plus cold-climate HP (COP ≥ 1.75 at 5°F, no resistance except defrost); each cooling system ≤ 54 kBtu/h exemption, or add economizer. |
Ductwork | Distribute conditioned air to all occupied common spaces. Ducts and air-handler units located entirely within conditioned space. Design and test to standard duct-design and duct-leakage practice. | Distribute conditioned air to all spaces. Ducts and air-handler units located in conditioned space. Design and testing per commercial code standards. |
Duct Sealing | Per system, final test (at 25 Pa): 6 CFM per 100 sqft or 60 CFM (no return ducts); 8 CFM per 100 sqft or 80 CFM (1–2 return ducts); 12 CFM per 100 sqft or 120 CFM (3+ returns). Rough-in: 3/30, 4/40, or 6/60. All ducts and AHU in conditioned space. Tested. | Same final and rough-in targets. All ducts in conditioned space. |
HVAC Grading | N/A | Same |
Mechanical Ventilation | Outdoor air to all occupied common spaces: Lobby/Office 5 cfm/person + 0.06 cfm/sqft; Fitness 20 + 0.06; Corridor 0.06; Laundry 5 + 0.12. Installed at design airflow or above. Mandatory DCV for spaces over 500 sqft and over 25 people/1,000 sqft. Energy recovery (ERV, 70% sensible / 60% enthalpy) required for qualifying systems by runtime and outdoor-air fraction. | Same ventilation rates. Plus: demand control ventilation for spaces over 500 sqft with occupancy over 25 people/1,000 sqft. Energy recovery (ERV) required if: any system operates 8,000+ hrs/year with ≥ 10% outdoor air; or shorter-runtime systems above 10,000 cfm (10–20% OA), 8,000 cfm (20–30%), 2,750 cfm (30–40%), or any size at ≥ 40% OA. ERV: 70% sensible, 60% enthalpy minimum at design conditions. |
Local Mechanical Exhaust | Restrooms, laundry rooms, janitor closets, mechanical equipment rooms: exhaust ducted directly to outdoors and certified to ENERGY STAR. | Same |
Thermostats | Programmable, 5F setback | Same |
DHW | Point-of-use electric, UEF ≥ 0.93 | Same |
DHW Piping | R-3 (1.5 in. and smaller); R-4 (larger) | Same |
Water Fixtures | WaterSense: Lav 1.5 GPM; Toilet 1.28 GPF; Urinal 0.5 GPF | Same |
Refrigerator | N/A | ENERGY STAR certified; all-electric |
Dishwasher | N/A | ENERGY STAR certified; all-electric |
Clothes Washer | N/A | ENERGY STAR certified; all-electric |
Clothes Dryer | N/A | ENERGY STAR certified; all-electric |
Stove / Oven | N/A | ENERGY STAR certified; all-electric (no gas) |
Lighting | 100% LED. LPD (W/sqft): Corridor 0.41; Lobby 0.84; Office 0.74; Fitness 0.72; Laundry 0.53; Stair 0.49; Mech/Elec 0.43; Storage 0.38 | Same |
Lighting Controls | Occupancy sensors (corridors/stairs may dim to 50%); auto time switches; daylight controls where zone exceeds 100 W (primary sidelit), 300 W (sidelit), or 100 W (toplit) | Occupancy sensors; auto time switches; daylight controls where zone exceeds 100 W (primary sidelit), 300 W (sidelit), or 100 W (toplit) |
Solar Ready | Solar-ready zone per residential spec (40% roof zone, 5 PSF capacity, conduit + breaker space). | Same |
EV Ready | 20% of installed parking spaces: 40-amp 208/240V dedicated branch circuits, 9.6 kVA minimum; AC Level I substitution allowed at 3:1 ratio. | 10% if dedicated clubhouse-only parking lot; 40-amp 208/240V or equivalent ALMS |
HPWH Ready | N/A | Same |
Electric Readiness | N/A | Same |
Vestibules | Self-closing vestibule at public building entrances; exempt if building under 3,000 sqft, or for employee-only/mechanical room doors, dwelling unit doors, revolving doors, or air curtains. | Same |
Efficiency Credits | 15 credits required. Cold-climate heat pumps (COP ≥ 1.75 at 5°F, electric resistance prohibited except defrost) earn all 15 when meeting all space heating requirements. | Same |
Paperwork & Modeling | COMcheck for common-area envelope, lighting, and mechanical (commercial compliance) plus efficiency-credit documentation. ENERGY STAR workbook, checklists, and common-space HVAC supplement (mandatory). HERS submittals at permit and CO. | COMcheck envelope, lighting, and mechanical certificates. Efficiency-credit documentation. Ventilation calculations. Thermal bridge derating if >20,000 sqft. |
Testing & Verification | Ventilation balancing per design. Duct leakage testing at rough-in and final. HVAC functional testing by FT agent (mandatory). Lighting controls testing. Air barrier inspections. | Same, plus whole-building blower door test ≤ 0.35 CFM/sqft at 75 Pa. |
Exterior Wall (HPWH, NO HPWH)
Exterior Wall (NO CI)
Rim Joist (All Paths)
Roof (All Paths)
Floor Over Podium (All Paths)
Path Comparison
This section shows the detailed requirements and incentives for each path we compared, basically showing our work of how we determined the recommended path is the most affordable way of meeting energy code compliance.
Path Comparison - Incentives
HPWH: $44,100 - $75,600
- MassSave Multifamily High Rise Program Energy Star Tier ($36,750) (Program Breakdown): You get this rebate for having your building(s) certified for the Energy Star MFNC v1.2 program. This requires pre-approval via an application to be submitted before construction starts. This rebate comes in the form of a check within 4 months of certification documentation being provided to MassSave, typically this is 4 months after construction is complete.
- Wi-Fi Connected Thermostat Adder ($2,100) : A MassSave market transformation adder of $100 per unit for installing a Wi-Fi connected thermostat in each dwelling unit. This rebate comes in the form of a check within 4 months of certification documentation being provided to MassSave, typically this is 4 months after construction is complete.
- In-Unit Heat Pump Water Heater Adder ($5,250) : A MassSave market transformation adder of $250 per unit for installing a heat-pump water heater in each dwelling unit. This rebate comes in the form of a check within 4 months of certification documentation being provided to MassSave, typically this is 4 months after construction is complete.
- DOER Alternative Energy Credits ($0 - $31,500) (Program Breakdown): This rebate is received for installing APS eligible air source heat pumps (click here for the list). There is an extensive process to get this incentive. It comes in the form of a check approximately 6-12 months after the heat pumps are installed and fully operational.
- IMPORTANT: Although an estimate is provided, this incentive can vary widely typically between $300-1,500 per heat pump. It's based on expected kWh usage of the system as well as the market value of the alternative energy credits when sold.
NO HPWH / NO CI: $38,850 - $70,350
- MassSave Multifamily High Rise Program Energy Star Tier ($36,750) (Program Breakdown): You get this rebate for having your building(s) certified for the Energy Star MFNC v1.2 program. This requires pre-approval via an application to be submitted before construction starts. This rebate comes in the form of a check within 4 months of certification documentation being provided to MassSave, typically this is 4 months after construction is complete.
- Wi-Fi Connected Thermostat Adder ($2,100) : A MassSave market transformation adder of $100 per unit for installing a Wi-Fi connected thermostat in each dwelling unit. This rebate comes in the form of a check within 4 months of certification documentation being provided to MassSave, typically this is 4 months after construction is complete.
- DOER Alternative Energy Credits ($0 - $31,500) (Program Breakdown): This rebate is received for installing APS eligible air source heat pumps (click here for the list). There is an extensive process to get this incentive. It comes in the form of a check approximately 6-12 months after the heat pumps are installed and fully operational.
- IMPORTANT: Although an estimate is provided, this incentive can vary widely typically between $300-1,500 per heat pump. It's based on expected kWh usage of the system as well as the market value of the alternative energy credits when sold.
Path Comparison - Net Cost Summary
Path | Total Cost $/sf | Total Incentives $/sf | Net $/sf | OpEx Factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
HPWH | $43.45 | $1.44 | $42.71 | 1.02 |
NO HPWH | $44.65 | $1.27 | $43.71 | 1.01 |
NO CI | $46.40 | $1.27 | $45.54 | 1.01 |
Path Comparison - Envelope
Item | Path | Detailed Specifications | Cost $/sf | Incentive $/sf | Net $/sf | OpEx |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exterior Walls | HPWH | R-19 cavity (rockwool batts, 2x6 @ 16" o.c.) with R-8.4 continuous exterior insulation. | $5.00 | $0.00 | $5.00 | 0.90 |
NO CI | R-38 closed-cell spray foam in a 2x6 @ 16" o.c. cavity, no continuous insulation. | $6.75 | $0.00 | $6.75 | 0.95 | |
NO HPWH | R-19 cavity (rockwool batts, 2x6 @ 16" o.c.) with R-8.4 continuous exterior insulation. | $5.00 | $0.00 | $5.00 | 0.90 | |
Below Grade Walls | HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
Corridor Walls | HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
Slab | HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
Floor Over Unconditioned Space | HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
Floor Over Garage | HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
Floor Over Podium | HPWH | R-30 continuous insulation. | $0.55 | $0.00 | $0.55 | 0.90 |
NO CI | R-30 continuous insulation. | $0.55 | $0.00 | $0.55 | 0.90 | |
NO HPWH | R-30 continuous insulation. | $0.55 | $0.00 | $0.55 | 0.90 | |
Rim Joists | HPWH | R-21 rim/band insulation at floor transitions. | $0.20 | $0.00 | $0.20 | 0.95 |
NO CI | R-21 rim/band insulation at floor transitions. | $0.20 | $0.00 | $0.20 | 0.95 | |
NO HPWH | R-21 rim/band insulation at floor transitions. | $0.20 | $0.00 | $0.20 | 0.95 | |
Roof | HPWH | R-49 sealed attic: R-19 closed-cell spray foam + R-30 continuous XPS. | $0.80 | $0.00 | $0.80 | 1.10 |
NO CI | R-49 sealed attic: R-19 closed-cell spray foam + R-30 continuous XPS. | $0.80 | $0.00 | $0.80 | 1.10 | |
NO HPWH | R-49 sealed attic: R-19 closed-cell spray foam + R-30 continuous XPS. | $0.80 | $0.00 | $0.80 | 1.10 | |
Windows & Glass Doors | HPWH | Double pane, U-0.30 / SHGC 0.30. | $7.00 | $0.00 | $7.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | High performance, U-0.24 / SHGC 0.24. | $8.50 | $0.00 | $8.50 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | High performance, U-0.24 / SHGC 0.24. | $8.50 | $0.00 | $8.50 | 1.00 | |
Doors | HPWH | Opaque: insulated steel, U-0.21 (R-4.75). | $0.35 | $0.00 | $0.35 | 0.95 |
NO CI | Opaque: insulated steel, U-0.21 (R-4.75). | $0.35 | $0.00 | $0.35 | 0.95 | |
NO HPWH | Opaque: insulated steel, U-0.21 (R-4.75). | $0.35 | $0.00 | $0.35 | 0.95 | |
Air Sealing | HPWH | ≤0.3 CFM50 per sqft of enclosure (compartmentalization); tested. | $1.20 | $0.00 | $1.20 | 0.95 |
NO CI | ≤0.3 CFM50 per sqft of enclosure (compartmentalization); tested. | $1.20 | $0.00 | $1.20 | 0.95 | |
NO HPWH | ≤0.3 CFM50 per sqft of enclosure (compartmentalization); tested. | $1.20 | $0.00 | $1.20 | 0.95 |
Path Comparison - Mechanical
Item | Path | Detailed Specifications | Cost $/sf | Incentive $/sf | Net $/sf | OpEx |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HVAC | HPWH | Ducted mini-split cold-climate heat pump; SEER2 17; HSPF2 9; ENERGY STAR CCHP. | $10.00 | $0.00 | $10.00 | 1.15 |
NO CI | Ducted mini-split cold-climate heat pump; SEER2 17; HSPF2 10; ENERGY STAR CCHP. | $10.50 | $0.00 | $10.50 | 1.15 | |
NO HPWH | Ducted mini-split cold-climate heat pump; SEER2 17; HSPF2 10; ENERGY STAR CCHP. | $10.50 | $0.00 | $10.50 | 1.15 | |
Ductwork | HPWH | Supply and return ductwork in conditioned space; R-6. | $3.50 | $0.00 | $3.50 | 1.00 |
NO CI | Supply and return ductwork in conditioned space; R-6. | $3.50 | $0.00 | $3.50 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | Supply and return ductwork in conditioned space; R-6. | $3.50 | $0.00 | $3.50 | 1.00 | |
Duct Sealing | HPWH | ≤ greater of 8 CFM25/100 ft² CFA or 80 CFM25 total (duct sealing protocol). | $0.60 | $0.00 | $0.60 | 1.00 |
NO CI | ≤ greater of 8 CFM25/100 ft² CFA or 80 CFM25 total (duct sealing protocol). | $0.60 | $0.00 | $0.60 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | ≤ greater of 8 CFM25/100 ft² CFA or 80 CFM25 total (duct sealing protocol). | $0.60 | $0.00 | $0.60 | 1.00 | |
HVAC Grading | HPWH | Fan Flow Test: N/A Watt Draw Test: N/A Refrigerant Charge: N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | Fan Flow Test: N/A Watt Draw Test: N/A Refrigerant Charge: N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | Fan Flow Test: N/A Watt Draw Test: N/A Refrigerant Charge: N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
Mechanical Ventilation | HPWH | In-unit ERV; 65 CFM; ≥81% recovery efficiency (Panasonic Intelli-Balance 100). | $1.50 | $0.00 | $1.50 | 1.20 |
NO CI | In-unit ERV; 65 CFM; ≥81% recovery efficiency (Panasonic Intelli-Balance 100). | $1.50 | $0.00 | $1.50 | 1.20 | |
NO HPWH | In-unit ERV; 65 CFM; ≥81% recovery efficiency (Panasonic Intelli-Balance 100). | $1.50 | $0.00 | $1.50 | 1.20 | |
Local Mechanical Exhaust | HPWH | Bathroom(s): ≥ 50 CFM intermittent & ≤ 3.0 sones OR ≥ 20 CFM continuous & ≤ 2.0 sones. Kitchen(s): ≥ 100 CFM intermittent & ≤ 3.0 sones OR continuous, ≥ 5 ACH. Both: Exhaust directly outdoors, ENERGY STAR certified. | $0.85 | $0.00 | $0.85 | 1.05 |
NO CI | Bathroom(s): ≥ 50 CFM intermittent & ≤ 3.0 sones OR ≥ 20 CFM continuous & ≤ 2.0 sones. Kitchen(s): ≥ 100 CFM intermittent & ≤ 3.0 sones OR continuous, ≥ 5 ACH. Both: Exhaust directly outdoors, ENERGY STAR certified. | $0.85 | $0.00 | $0.85 | 1.05 | |
NO HPWH | Bathroom(s): ≥ 50 CFM intermittent & ≤ 3.0 sones OR ≥ 20 CFM continuous & ≤ 2.0 sones. Kitchen(s): ≥ 100 CFM intermittent & ≤ 3.0 sones OR continuous, ≥ 5 ACH. Both: Exhaust directly outdoors, ENERGY STAR certified. | $0.85 | $0.00 | $0.85 | 1.05 | |
Thermostats | HPWH | Wi-Fi connected programmable thermostat. | $0.10 | $0.07 | $0.03 | 1.05 |
NO CI | Wi-Fi connected programmable thermostat. | $0.10 | $0.07 | $0.03 | 1.05 | |
NO HPWH | Wi-Fi connected programmable thermostat. | $0.10 | $0.07 | $0.03 | 1.05 |
Path Comparison - Plumbing & Appliances
Item | Path | Detailed Specifications | Cost $/sf | Incentive $/sf | Net $/sf | OpEx |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DHW | HPWH | In-unit integrated HPWH; UEF 3.50; 45 gal (2BR) / 36 gal (1BR); 240V; ENERGY STAR. | $1.60 | $0.17 | $1.43 | 1.20 |
NO CI | In-unit electric resistance water heater (lowboy); UEF 0.93; 44 gal; 240V. | $0.75 | $0.00 | $0.75 | 0.90 | |
NO HPWH | In-unit electric resistance water heater (lowboy); UEF 0.93; 44 gal; 240V. | $0.75 | $0.00 | $0.75 | 0.90 | |
DHW Piping | HPWH | Supply piping insulated to R-3 minimum. | $0.60 | $0.00 | $0.60 | 0.95 |
NO CI | Supply piping insulated to R-3 minimum. | $0.60 | $0.00 | $0.60 | 0.95 | |
NO HPWH | Supply piping insulated to R-3 minimum. | $0.60 | $0.00 | $0.60 | 0.95 | |
Water Fixtures | HPWH | WaterSense certified (Lavatory ≤1.2 GPM; Shower ≤2.0 GPM; Kitchen ≤2.2 GPM). | $1.50 | $0.00 | $1.50 | 1.00 |
NO CI | WaterSense certified (Lavatory ≤1.2 GPM; Shower ≤2.0 GPM; Kitchen ≤2.2 GPM). | $1.50 | $0.00 | $1.50 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | WaterSense certified (Lavatory ≤1.2 GPM; Shower ≤2.0 GPM; Kitchen ≤2.2 GPM). | $1.50 | $0.00 | $1.50 | 1.00 | |
Refrigerator | HPWH | ≤ 700 kWh/yr; ENERGY STAR; electric. | $0.60 | $0.00 | $0.60 | 1.10 |
NO CI | ≤ 550 kWh/yr; ENERGY STAR; electric. | $0.65 | $0.00 | $0.65 | 1.10 | |
NO HPWH | ≤ 550 kWh/yr; ENERGY STAR; electric. | $0.65 | $0.00 | $0.65 | 1.10 | |
Dishwasher | HPWH | ≤ 269 kWh/yr; ENERGY STAR; electric. | $0.35 | $0.00 | $0.35 | 1.10 |
NO CI | ≤ 269 kWh/yr; ENERGY STAR; electric. | $0.35 | $0.00 | $0.35 | 1.10 | |
NO HPWH | ≤ 269 kWh/yr; ENERGY STAR; electric. | $0.35 | $0.00 | $0.35 | 1.10 | |
Clothes Washer | HPWH | IMEF 2.92; ENERGY STAR; electric. | $0.50 | $0.00 | $0.50 | 1.10 |
NO CI | IMEF 2.92; ENERGY STAR; electric. | $0.50 | $0.00 | $0.50 | 1.10 | |
NO HPWH | IMEF 2.92; ENERGY STAR; electric. | $0.50 | $0.00 | $0.50 | 1.10 | |
Clothes Dryer | HPWH | Standard electric dryer; vented; ENERGY STAR. | $0.45 | $0.00 | $0.45 | 1.00 |
NO CI | Standard electric dryer; vented; ENERGY STAR. | $0.45 | $0.00 | $0.45 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | Standard electric dryer; vented; ENERGY STAR. | $0.45 | $0.00 | $0.45 | 1.00 | |
Stove / Oven | HPWH | Electric induction cooktop; convection oven. | $0.65 | $0.00 | $0.65 | 1.05 |
NO CI | Electric induction cooktop; convection oven. | $0.65 | $0.00 | $0.65 | 1.05 | |
NO HPWH | Electric induction cooktop; convection oven. | $0.65 | $0.00 | $0.65 | 1.05 |
Path Comparison - Electrical
Item | Path | Detailed Specifications | Cost $/sf | Incentive $/sf | Net $/sf | OpEx |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lighting | HPWH | 100% high-efficacy (LED). | $4.00 | $0.00 | $4.00 | 0.85 |
NO CI | 100% high-efficacy (LED). | $4.00 | $0.00 | $4.00 | 0.85 | |
NO HPWH | 100% high-efficacy (LED). | $4.00 | $0.00 | $4.00 | 0.85 | |
Solar Ready | HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
EV Ready | HPWH | At least 20% of parking spaces wired EV-ready (40-amp Level II; shared circuits with load management allowed). | $0.55 | $0.00 | $0.55 | 1.00 |
NO CI | At least 20% of parking spaces wired EV-ready (40-amp Level II; shared circuits with load management allowed). | $0.55 | $0.00 | $0.55 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | At least 20% of parking spaces wired EV-ready (40-amp Level II; shared circuits with load management allowed). | $0.55 | $0.00 | $0.55 | 1.00 | |
HPWH Ready | HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | N/A | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
Path Comparison - Soft Costs & Whole-Building Incentives
Item | Path | Detailed Specifications | Cost $/sf | Incentive $/sf | Net $/sf | OpEx |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paperwork & Modeling | HPWH | ENERGY STAR energy model to the target (per-unit HERS or whole-building ASHRAE path), the ENERGY STAR design-review checklist and multifamily workbook, and an HVAC design report. | $1.00 | $1.20 | $-0.20 | 1.00 |
NO CI | ENERGY STAR energy model to the target (per-unit HERS or whole-building ASHRAE path), the ENERGY STAR design-review checklist and multifamily workbook, and an HVAC design report. | $1.00 | $1.20 | $-0.20 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | ENERGY STAR energy model to the target (per-unit HERS or whole-building ASHRAE path), the ENERGY STAR design-review checklist and multifamily workbook, and an HVAC design report. | $1.00 | $1.20 | $-0.20 | 1.00 | |
Testing & Verification | HPWH | ENERGY STAR field verification: pre-drywall and final inspections, unit air-tightness (blower door), duct-leakage, ventilation and exhaust airflow, and HVAC functional testing. | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
NO CI | ENERGY STAR field verification: pre-drywall and final inspections, unit air-tightness (blower door), duct-leakage, ventilation and exhaust airflow, and HVAC functional testing. | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 | |
NO HPWH | ENERGY STAR field verification: pre-drywall and final inspections, unit air-tightness (blower door), duct-leakage, ventilation and exhaust airflow, and HVAC functional testing. | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 1.00 |
Additional Design Considerations Not Represented In This Study
- N/A